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An ownership and encumbrance report (O&E) is a non-insurance report which includes the current owner of record, legal description, any outstanding mortgages, liens, judgments, and miscellaneous and tax information. An O&E is NOT a guarantee, and does not warrant against any defects in the title, not found in the search.

This is the actual policy that protects the buyer or lender from any defects in the title that have already occurred, but have not yet been discovered. A title commitment is issued first, which covers any steps that must be taken before a policy can be issued.